What is a Neanderthal like?

Difference human Neanderthal is sperm and testis, smell and skin.

The difference between humans and Neanderthal is 0.004 percent of gene code.

For example, in the Caucasus there's a site where you find local Neanderthal tools.

Then, significantly more often, does a Neanderthal match the European rather than the African.

McKellar is a Neanderthal, and he is on a personal vendetta to destroy me.

Statistically speaking, there is no difference in how often the Neanderthal matches one African or the other.

For a time, we shared the stage with our distant cousins, Neanderthal, who clearly had some spark of awareness, but whether it was the increase in the size of the brain, or the development of language, or some other evolutionary catalyst we quickly left Neanderthal gasping for survival.

The same is true if we look at a Chinese individual versus an African, the Neanderthal will match the Chinese individual more often.

(Laughter) 50 billion dollars of it a year, which is enough, at 30 seconds a ringtone, that could stretch from here to Neanderthal times.

But I think from the point of view of a Neanderthal, there would have been a lot of disapproval of the wimpish choppers that we now have.

And the way to ask that question is to look at the Neanderthal that comes from Southern Europe and compare it to genomes of people who live today.

And this then, in conjunction with these methods that allow very many DNA molecules to be sequenced very rapidly, allowed us last year to present the first version of the Neanderthal genome, so that any one of you can now look on the Internet, on the Neanderthal genome, or at least on the 55 percent of it that we've been able to reconstruct so far.

There are no Neanderthal fossils that are older than 40 years old that we've ever found, and the average age of most of these hunter gatherer tribes is 20 to 30.

And the other thing there's no evidence for is exchange between groups, because the objects that you find in Neanderthal remains, the tools they made, are always made from local materials.

My friends, human nature is exactly the same as it was when my ancestor probably it was my ancestor got his hands around the neck of the last Neanderthal, and battered the bastard to death.

If they then mixed with each other there, then those modern humans that became the ancestors of everyone outside Africa carried with them this Neanderthal component in their genome to the rest of the world.

So having now a Neanderthal genome on hand as a reference point and having the technologies to look at ancient remains and extract the DNA, we can begin to apply them elsewhere in the world.

And it was well enough preserved so we could determine the DNA from this individual, even to a greater extent than for the Neanderthals actually, and start relating it to the Neanderthal genome and to people today.

And if we study those hunter gatherer tribes and the Neanderthal, which are very similar to early man, we find out a very curious thing about this world without technology, and this is a kind of a curve of their average age.

By the time the last Neanderthal disappeared in Europe, 27,000 years ago, our direct ancestors had already, and for 5,000 years, been crawling into the belly of the earth, where in the light of the flickers of tallow candles, they had brought into being the great art of the Upper Paleolithic.