Stan Ulam, Richard Feynman and John von Neumann.

It's a world that Von Neumann himself envisioned.

And this is Von Neumann and Morgenstern, who wrote the Theory of Games.

Von Neumann, and a logician, and a mathematician from the army put this together.

So, Neumann developed an algorithm to mechanically simulate the scrambling aspect of randomness as follows

And then we jump to Von Neumann, 1945, when he sort of reinvents the whole same thing.

So for example, Merge Sort was certainly known, to John Von Neumann all the way back in 1945.

After Von Neumann, we have the Pentium, where the billionth transistor is as reliable as the first one.

The other sort of genesis of what Von Neumann did was the difficulty of how you would predict the weather.

So Von Neumann invited a whole gang of weirdos from all over the world to work on all these problems.

George Boole took Leibniz's binary code and created Boolean algebra, and John von Neumann took Boolean algebra and created the digital computer.

In 1946, John von Neumann was involved in running computations for the military, specifically involved in the design of the hydrogen bomb.

And it was Von Neumann who said, after the bomb, he was working on something much more important than bombs he's thinking about computers.

So, Von Neumann was already off in a theoretical cloud, doing abstract sorts of studies of how you could build reliable machines out of unreliable components.

Von Neumann, in the '50s, did the same thing for computing he showed you can have an unreliable computer but restore its state to make it perfect.

Von Neumann saw how you could build the machines that now, last count, four million of these Von Neumann machines is built every 24 hours and Julian Bigelow, who died 10 days ago this is John Markoff's obituary for him he was the important missing link, the engineer who came in and knew how to put those vacuum tubes together and make it work.

So June 1945 actually, the bomb hasn't even been dropped yet and Von Neumann is putting together all the theory to actually build this thing, which also goes back to Turing, who, before that, gave the idea that you could do all this with a very brainless, little, finite state machine, just reading a tape in and reading a tape out.