Let's label all the valves.

Willis! ...valves here.

Open Valves 3 and 5.

These valves shut down like that.

So the valves at the bottom of those tubes there are like radio controlled airplane valves.

So this isn't expensive pumps or valves.

These are the four valves of the heart.

Then these valves are going to close down.

Now, blood is gonna flow through those two valves.

So you've already learned that the valves got endocardium.

I heard my heart's valves snapping open and closed.

We're about to cause the primary safety valves to fail.

You can take a guess as to which ones I'm referring to. Atrioventricular valves are the two valves between the atria and the ventricles.

Every time these valves go open and shut, you hear noise.

Before we surrendered ourselves over to Juma, I opened the valves.

And this valve and all valves in the heart are basically there to keep blood moving in the right direction.

To get the blood into those ventricles, the valves had to open.

Just as I drew before and these valves snap shut as well.

Phones with cords, awkward manual valves, computers that barely deserve the name.

Three of our safety valves just failed on the primary storage tank.

Two of the valves I'm gonna name, I'm giving them new names, something slightly different from what we've been referring to them by. These are the atrioventricular valves.

A growing plumbing system, with bolts and valves. Written by Marcelo Vianna 1997.

We'll use those valves to talk through where those sounds are coming from.

This is gonna happen on both sides, both ventricles and the valves shut.

On the inside you have what's called the endocardium. I'm gonna draw the endocardium all the way around here, it goes all the way around the valves.

The atrioventricular valves, if you look at them, they're both kind of facing downwards.

And you can go inside the heart itself and repair the valves from the inside.

So basically the back flow of blood is not allowed because the valves keep shutting.

These valves in particular have a very interesting strategy, they're actually tethered to the walls.

Keep your eye on the valves and we'll talk about them as the blood moves through.

One of the things that keeps the blood flowing in the right direction is the valves.

The great advantage of an external support, for me, was that I could retain all of my own bits, all of my own endothelium and valves, and not need any anticoagulation therapy.

He can go inside, push inside of the heart, and really feel how the valves are moving.

He can go inside, push inside of the heart, and really feel how the valves are moving.

But I said we can't get rid of it, because all the people who tried to transplant heart valves found out you can't get rid of that immunity.

These are particularly important for when you're trying to make sure that ventricles don't screw up the valves.

It's got the valves and knobs and things you need to inject the right gases at the right time.

So, on the top, we had these beautiful rainforests and an ocean, and underneath we had all this technosphere, we called it, which is where all the pumps and the valves and the water tanks and the air handlers, and all of that.

In water pipes, we have fixed capacity water pipes that have fixed flow rates, except for expensive pumps and valves.

When the valves snap shut, for example the tricuspid and the mitral valve snap shut, well, that makes a noise.

And the thing that I liked is sort of this one click, add to your cart button (Laughter) for buying steam valves.

That must mean that the other two valves just opened up. The tricuspid and mitral valve just opened. You can assume that, right?

So for example, in a power plant, when your big steam turbine gets too over speed, you must open relief valves within a millisecond.

Now if we manage to compromise these systems that control drive speeds and valves, we can actually cause a lot of problems with the centrifuge.

So one of the pioneers, for example, is Dr. Anthony Atala, and he has been working on layering cells to create body parts bladders, valves, kidneys.