Causality.

Arguments about causality.

What about causality?

Correlation in itself doesn't prove causality.

It's very much about this causality, consequences.

There were no manipulations of an independent variable, so it's impossible to make any claims about causality.

All we're playing with is a tempo causality.

Nothing I'm saying here implies causality. I don't know.

So, I'll both begin and end this segment with causality.

Causality is one of the most disputed subject in Philosophy.

That we could understand the causality of the mental illnesses.

And that has something to say about causality or not.

That will allow us to make stronger claims about causality.

Uh, so there's this problem of trying to infer causality from correlations.

Another final comment, and again, trying to get it, stronger claims of causality,

Causality. There is no escape from it. We are forever slaves to it.

Please, ma chérie, I have told you. We are all victims of causality.

If we're dealing with causality, and I don't even know for sure. I just...

So whatever is responsible for this cancellation is extremely tightly coupled with tempo causality.

Random representative sampling, independent and dependent variables, double blind, single blind experiments, confounds and causality.

When you think about you know, creativity has a lot to do with causality too.

Some philosophers are even saying that causality does not really exist. It's just an illusion.

Any. Any.

I, I'm gonna start drawing these path models in the next segment with, with arrows that typically depict causality.

The other final comment I'd like to end on is again, I want to stress this issue of causality.

So we might have evidence for full mediation in a statistical sense But if we're just dealing with cross sectional, correlational data it doesn't mean we can say anything, make any strong arguments about causality.

The power of randomized experiments is they allow for the strongest arguments or strongest claims we can possibly make about causality.

Any bets? Any bets?

Think about any hotel, any airline, any hospital.

And then the idea of confounds. And the most important concept to take away from this segment is the idea of causality.

This notion of causality is important in debugging because when you fix a defect we want to make sure to think first.

But why is it the cause? This is so called counterfactual definition of causality which is the most used in our context.

Any hands? Any hands? Yes.

Any gangs, any other affiliations?

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Noone's got any manners any more.

Does anyone have any ideas, any thoughts?

Did he have any friends, any visitors?