Here you've got the aortic valve.

We call that the aortic arch.

That external aortic root, it will never work, you know.

So I set out to change the entire treatment for aortic dilation.

You can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there.

It has a funny tri lobal shape at the bottom, which contains the aortic valve.

So when you have dub, you have noise coming from the pulmonic and the aortic valve snapping shut.

I felt something in this plexus of blood vessels and nerves, and there must be some muscles in there as well somewhere, I guess.

You can see how the pulmonary and aortic valve are closed when the mitral and tricuspid valve are open.

In the middle, you can see that little structure squeezing out, that's the left ventricle, pushing blood out through the aortic valve.

And then the final valve, I need to find a nice spot to write it maybe to right here, this final valve that passes through is called the Aortic valve.

If you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative, the composite aortic root graft, there are one or two startling comparisons which I'm sure will be clear to all of you.

What's happening between these two, time like here, is that blood is actually squeezing out because the pulmonic and aortic valves just opened, blood is squeezing out and going to the whole body.

But if you remove the arm, you simply anesthetize my arm, so you put an injection into my arm, anesthetize the brachial plexus, so the arm is numb, and there is no sensations coming in, if I now watch you being touched,

But you also know that if that is what's making the noise, you can kind of guess, and it's a smart guess that at the same time the pulmonic and the aortic valve just opened.