If you do this it turns out, the auditory cortex will learn to see.

This is a block diagram of a model and simulation of the human auditory cortex that actually works quite well in applying psychoacoustic tests, gets very similar results to human auditory perception.

The same thing would happen if you are in a conversation with someone, but the auditory cortex would also be involved.

Neuroscientists have done the following fascinating experiments where you cut the wire from the ears to the auditory cortex and you re wire, in this case an animal's brain, so that the signal from the eyes to the optic nerve eventually gets routed to the auditory cortex.

There is about 20 regions of the brain that have been modeled, simulated and tested the auditory cortex, regions of the visual cortex cerebellum, where we do our skill formation slices of the cerebral cortex, where we do our rational thinking.

Here's the auditory cortex, and this is the sound of her voice, or the things, the wise things she said to you.

This part of the brain, that little red part of the brain, is your auditory cortex and the way you're understanding my voice now is your ear is taking the sound signal and routing the sound signal to your auditory cortex and that's what's allowing you to understand my words.

They are visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinesthetic.

Here is the visual input, and that's the auditory input.

So you have the prefrontal cortex here,

Prefrontal cortex is an interesting brain area.

Particularly, a part called the pre frontal cortex.

On the side here, this is temporal cortex.

Look at cerebral cortex, look at brain stem,

So we've got motor cortex activation up there.

So we've got motor cortex activation up there.

We are not passive exhibitors of visual or auditory or tactile images.

So from the retina you go onto visual cortex.

You're flying through the cortex of my colleague's brain.

You don't form images with your primary visual cortex.

You know, this is the parietal cortex, the somatosensory cortex, this is the touch of her skin, the texture of her clothes.

And you do that by measuring the relative activation of the left prefrontal cortex in the fMRl, versus the right prefrontal cortex.

It's because you're all doing a cross model synesthetic abstraction, meaning you're saying that that sharp inflection ki ki, in your auditory cortex, the hair cells being excited Kiki, mimics the visual inflection, sudden inflection of that jagged shape.

So they are listening to a speaker say letters over ah, headphones and again, here's an auditory target because the C matches the auditory stimulus 2 back in the stream.

It goes to the nucleus accumbens, all the way up to the prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, where decisions are made, high level.

So just the same way that we were able to jump over the damaged circuitry in the retina to get to the retina's output cells, we can jump over the damaged circuitry in the cochlea to get the auditory nerve, or jump over damaged areas in the cortex, in the motor cortex, to bridge the gap produced by a stroke.

We have this big cortex, we're pretty proud of ourselves.

That red piece of brain tissue is your somatosensory cortex.

The arrows indicate peak gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex.

And when you look at which parts of the brain were active when they experienced musical beauty, you find, again, in addition to the auditory areas plus other areas, there's this area here, in the medial orbital frontal cortex, which is especially active.

And now I'm going to finish up with another example of this, with auditory illusions.

Each individual's cortex is folded differently, very much like a fingerprint.

Photo auditory olfactory sensory convergence is a phenomenon that's been promised in science fiction for decades.

That matches both the visual stream and the auditory stream, the stimuli that came 2 back.

location. Matches the one 2 back in the stream. They also had to monitor an auditory stream.

And primary visual cortex sees just simple geometry, just the simplest of shapes.

So they're all these points of light on the outside of your cortex.

I hope you're not implying that any day is unimportant at Cortex Semi.

When people have these simple geometrical hallucinations, the primary visual cortex is activated.

At the proper moment, they'll trigger you, usually using some kind of auditory or visual Pavlovian response mechanism.

There is the brain stem in between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord.

largely of the brain stem and whatever there is of cortex in those species.

You have the green for example, that corresponds to tactile information, or the blue that corresponds to auditory information.

Up here in the smell cortex is the smell of her perfume, things like these.

One of the brain regions that changes most dramatically during adolescence is called prefrontal cortex.