But the circuitry still works. It's sending us data.

OK, how is all this complex circuitry set up in the brain?

We now know the brain circuitry of imagination, of long term planning.

This studies the circuitry in two people's brains that activates while they interact.

So what it's doing is, it's replacing the retinal circuitry, really the guts of the retinal circuitry, with a set of equations, a set of equations that we can implement on a chip.

like development of adolescent brains once we have an idea of where this circuitry exists.

Some of the ways of which the circuitry is different for people who have these disorders.

And this gets wired into the circuitry of the brain, and we call this learned paralysis, OK?

Your iPhone without those people making the same interface, the same circuitry, the same board, over and over?

And so it turns out we're so stereotypical, our brains have got dedicated neural circuitry to decode this stereotyping.

Repairing a broken radio I realise over again that I don't have an understanding of the operating principles of circuitry.

And she's actually figuring out how to make a collision avoidance circuitry based on this very large neuron in the locust.

So if I take some dots and set them in motion with biological motion, your brain's circuitry would understand instantly what's going on.

So a completely blind retina, even one with no front end circuitry at all, no photoreceptors, can now send out normal signals, signals that the brain can understand.

We're all born with male or female predispositions, and then we'll have hormones that increase that circuitry for behavior, which is what a hormone is supposed to do.

So just the same way that we were able to jump over the damaged circuitry in the retina to get to the retina's output cells, we can jump over the damaged circuitry in the cochlea to get the auditory nerve, or jump over damaged areas in the cortex, in the motor cortex, to bridge the gap produced by a stroke.

We can make the circuitry of the right computational power, but we can't actually put them together to make something that will actually work and be as adaptive as these systems.

And so the encoder does just what I was saying it mimics the actions of the front end circuitry so it takes images in and converts them into the retina's code.

But you can use these as motivators, there's a study showing that just saying good job to someone was activating the same reward circuitry at the same level as a financial reward.

And this is what the retina is doing, and it's doing it just with the circuitry, and how this network of neurons that are interacting in there, which we've captured on the chip.

They have figured out everything that's required to dismantle, take things apart, rewrite the circuitry, re flash the firmware, do whatever you want to with the phone, and they can fix anything so quickly.

So what I'm going to tell you about is using the circuitry of the brain to implant electrodes and turning areas of the brain up and down to see if we can help our patients.

I believe that the more time we spend choosing to run the deep inner peace circuitry of our right hemispheres, the more peace we will project into the world, and the more peaceful our planet will be.

Then what happens is the retinal circuitry, the middle part, goes to work on it, and what it does is it performs operations on it, it extracts information from it, and it converts that information into a code.

I'll give you an example if I tell you that the circuitry or network in the brain involved in high level strategic thinking, planning, decision making, all of that that network is very different to the network for understanding yourself and other people.

So, a solution to the problem, then, would be to build a device that could mimic the actions of that front end circuitry and send signals to the retina's output cells, and they can go back to doing their normal job of sending signals to the brain.

If you think about what we normally take as giving life a lot of its meaning music, humor, eroticism, spirituality, aesthetics, nurturing and caring, gossip, chatting with people all of these, very likely, are enabled by a special circuitry that we humans have, but that you could have another intelligent life form that lacks these.

Now, already in the case of the brain disorders that I've been talking to you about, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, while we don't have an in depth understanding of how they are abnormally processed or what the brain is doing in these illnesses, we have been able to already identify some of the connectional differences, or some of the ways in which the circuitry is different for people who have these disorders.