Doppler shifts, this is why things are called Doppler peaks later.

Dr. Doppler, I presume?

May I introduce Dr. Doppler?

You see the transducer, the light blue.

I am the noted astrophysicist Dr. Delbert Doppler.

There's water in between the skull and the transducer.

Doppler Effect is something very important from fundamental physics.

The Doppler Effect is used to discover extrasolar planets.

On the right hand side, you see an ultrasonic transducer.

There is of course what we call the Doppler Effect.

We attach a transducer, in this case, to the brain, but if it will be a different organ, it will be a different transducer attached to the patient.

Doppler shifts and broadening are anywhere across the face of the galaxy.

So the ultrasonic transducer emits basically an ultrasonic beam that focuses inside the phantom.

So it consists of two parts, what we call an encoder and a transducer.

The Doppler effect is also observed with light and with radiant energy in general.

So, when we did this for responses from the standard method and from our encoder and transducer.

Spectral stars that are like those that make elliptical convolved with say Gaussian distribution of Doppler shifts.

Those are of course responsible for the Doppler peaks in the power spectrum of the microwave background.

But the key one really is the encoder alone, because we can team up the encoder with the different transducer.

Now 99.9 the speed of light is a very, very fast speed so this Doppler Effect, this blueshifting, is quite severe.

So on the left is the encoder alone, and on the right is from an actual blind retina, so the encoder and the transducer.

Based on the Doppler Effect, they expected to see blue shift for objects moving toward us, and red shift for ones moving away.

We could probably calculate the speed that the satellite is traveling, if we do a little basic math here using the Doppler effect.

This shows the actual Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation as they would appear, and those will map into the peaks of the Doppler peaks in the cosmic microwave background.

And then the transducer then makes the output cells send the code on up to the brain, and the result is a retinal prosthetic that can produce normal retinal output.

To observe the slight excess of clustering, corresponding to the first Doppler peak in microwave background, at the range of redshifts. And that can constrain cosmological perameters even better.

You can see, in her case, she's wearing her transducer arrays, one of the front of her chest, one on the back, and then the second pair side to side over the liver.

And the way we usually measure this is through Doppler broadening of their absorption lines as I'm sure you know, spectra of galaxies composed of stars, have many different absorption lines those are different elements.

But, because there are many, many different stars moving at random velocities, the total observed Line will be a weighted sum of those and it's shape will reflect the overall Doppler broadening by the velocity distribution.

The top one is from a normal animal, the middle one is from a blind animal that's been treated with this encoder transducer device, and the bottom one is from a blind animal treated with a standard prosthetic.

The whole notion, then, is one that at the interface there are physical properties in that transducer in this case it's pressure and touches that allow you to present things to the user that you could never present before.

And they said, Jeez, you know, we think we could actually take a look at the slope of the Doppler effect to figure out the points at which the satellite is closest to our antennae and the points at which it's farthest away.

And then confirmed, with Sloan Digital Sky Survey, there is a slight excess of power in clustering of galaxies on the scales that correspond now to that first Doppler The peak, except this is much later in the history of the universe.

So as you can see, the firing patterns from the blind animal treated with the encoder transducer really do very closely match the normal firing patterns and it's not perfect, but it's pretty good and the blind animal treated with the standard prosthetic, the responses really don't.

You can decompose those in series of waves overlapping and the matter would fall towards the densest parts and because the matter and radiation are tightly coupled before the microwave background was released, radiation would follow, inducing some slight Doppler shifts in its thermal emission.