So, embryonic stem cells are really incredible cells.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

They're a lot like embryonic stem cells except without the controversy.

So each of these right here are embryonic stem cells, and

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

And obviously, the next question is, hey, well, why don't they just call them stem cells as opposed to embryonic stem cells?

The idea is embryonic.

So they're skin cells that can be tricked, kind of like cellular amnesia, into an embryonic state.

But the moral controversy surrounding embryonic stem cells the fact that these cells are derived from five day old human embryos has encouraged research into other types of stem cells.

These cells right here are called embryonic stem cells, and probably the first time in this video you're hearing a term that you might recognize.

Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries.

Embryonic charter, livestock and wildlife repopulation.

There isn't necessarily this differentiation between these outermost cells and these embryonic, or this embryoblast, or this inner cell mass here.

Embryonic and fetal development I'm Not Surprised

like skin cells, gut cells, and blood cells.

And here is the limitation adult stem cells are mature cells, and, like mature human beings, these cells are more restricted in their thought and more restricted in their behavior and are unable to give rise to the wide variety of specialized cell types, as embryonic stem cells can .

If someone needs a kidney transplant or a heart transplant, maybe in the future, we could take a colony of these embryonic stem cells.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

This was really an extraordinary advance, because although these cells are not human embryonic stem cells, which still remain the gold standard, they are terrific to use for modeling disease and potentially for drug discovery.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

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So when I talk what embryonic stem cells, I'm talking about the individual blastomeres inside of this embryoblast or inside of this inner cell mass.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

So each of these is an embryonic stem cell.

So obviously, there's a huge amount of debate, but now, now you know in this video what people are talking about when they say embryonic stem cells.

Liver cells, nerve cells, pancreatic cells we still can't grow them even today.

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