We call this gravitational lensing.

And again, this is a kind of an accurate model of what happens with the gravitational lensing.

Finally, weak gravitational lensing provides, at least in principle, means of detecting clusters and this time by the mass because that's what lensing is actually sensitive to.

Gravitational Lensing. In princ iple, they do not depend on the distance ladder, however they are model dependent.

And we see these gravitational lensing effects, these distortions that say that, again, clusters are embedded in dark matter.

Gravitational Constant

Compensating gravitational pull.

Next time, we'll talk about gravitational lensing, which is a completely independent way to constrain the amount of a gravitating mass in the universe.

lensing of stars by other stars.

It involves gravitational waves.

Newton's gravitational constant either.

We will now talk about gravitational lensing, which is a very powerful technique to find about distribution of mass in the universe, whether it's visible or not.

I mentioned different lensing regimes. If the deflection is strong, hence the image splitting, that is called strong lensing regime.

Which is Magnetic Gravitational field forces.

Next we will talk about Gravitational

Gravitational fields are created very simply.

Ikon has left our gravitational field.

So it's got the right shape to produce the lensing.

The geometry of the images seen as the lensing mass.

Gravitational waves are very hard to detect.

A strong, powerful, Gravitational Magnetic field condition.

So, gravitational fields are magnetic field based.

We shift the gravitational center of it.

As far as measuring masses using gravitational

Our gravitational sensors are going crazy here.

Captain, gravitational sensors are off the scale.

lensing. This has been done on galaxies as well as clusters.

They are not UFO's, they are gravitational systems.

We know it's there by its gravitational effects.

You have to have both gravitational and magnetic.

We can simulate the effects of gravitational lensing, by taking an image of the sky, placing fictitious lens of given mass distribution in front, and seeing what it will do to the picture behind it.

Recall that Einstein radius essentially defines the cross section for strong lensing.

It's probably a combination of both a gravitational lensing provides a completely different way of measuring masses, independent of all the schematics and so this was done, for sample galaxies using galaxies themselves as, as lenses.

It's the gravitational pull that makes these things orbit.

The gravitational free fall time and the Hubble time.

So if any such object passes along the line of sight of some background star, it will cause gravitational magnification and there will be first horizon brightness as it approaches the critical radius and so it will be a symmetric light curve, it will also be same at all wavelengths because gravitational lensing is achromatic.

This was an important discriminator against variable stars, because variable stars will tend to vary differently in different filters, whereas gravitational lensing is unique in the sense that it will work exactly the same for all wavelengths.

Therefore it has a smaller gravitational pull on the astronaut.

Is that absolute, like force and mass and gravitational attraction?

But also dark matter as inferred from micro lensing studies around this emerging cluster.

A small subset is shown here, and lensing gives a new independent estimate of the lensing mass in a cluster, regardless of whether it's baryons, or dark baryons, or dark matter or anything.

And the other one is using gravitational le ns time delays.

It dictates most of the gravitational forces in our solar system.

And as they land, they're fully aligned in the gravitational field.

But let us focus on gravitational simulations. The N body method.