We got the Halibut Calabrese, got the Halibut Olympian.

Keep going. Halibut Cajun style.

Greenland

Greenland

Greenland

Actually Greenland.

Greenland remains.

Halibut fishing capital of the world. Okay.

Camp Century in Greenland.

Greenland looks too big.

And on up to Greenland.

These first images are from Greenland.

Africa is a continent Greenland is not.

A VOYAGE TO GREENLAND, A.D. 1671 HARRlS

What do you think we're doing in the halibut capital of the world?

Africa is a continent, but Greenland is not.

That puts a lot of pressure on Greenland.

This is the Kangerlussuaq River in southwest Greenland.

So why didn't the Greenland Norse as well?

The interior of Greenland is to the right.

This is above mainland Norway. You can see Greenland there.

I saw birds that breed in Greenland, in the Gulf.

In the case of Norse Greenland, the hostiles were the Inuit the Eskimos sharing Greenland with whom the Norse got off to bad relationships.

That's equal to 20 feet of sea level, as is Greenland.

In AD 984 Vikings went out to Greenland, settled Greenland, and around 1450 they died out the society collapsed, and every one of them ended up dead.

Not enough to keep the ice in Greenland from crashing into the ocean.

Greenland at the same time did better, rather than worse, with cold climates.

We just had a number of cameras out on the Greenland Ice Sheet.

And one reason is, this enormous heat sink heats up Greenland from the north.

In the case of the Greenland Norse, they had trade with the mother country Norway and that trade dwindled partly because Norway got weaker, partly because of sea ice between Greenland and Norway.

Visiting Greenland was more like traveling back in time than just traveling very far north.

And I'll illustrate that five point framework by the extinction of the Greenland Norse society.

Stick a flag there, leave it there, pretty soon it will drift off, usually towards Canada or Greenland.

The last pictures I'd like to show you are of an iceberg that I photographed in Qeqetarsuaq, Greenland.

So that's how the five part framework is relevant to the collapse and eventual extinction of the Greenland Norse.

I know, I think we have to work on Greenland, but apart from that, it does cover the whole world.

And it has altered the Earth. It covers Earth like a skin. And where it doesn't, as in Greenland in winter,

And you might notice that it's only Iceland and Greenland where we can't find any cases of enslavement around the world.

In the case of the Vikings in Greenland, the climate got colder in the late 1300s, and especially in the 1400s.

Precise measurements by GRACE, the gravity satellite, reveal that both Greenland and Antarctica are now losing mass, several hundred cubic kilometers per year.

In the case of the Greenland Norse, cultural factors that made it difficult for them to solve their problems were their commitments to a

Greenland took a little while to start reacting to the warming climate of the past century, but it really started galloping along about 20 years ago.

The one glacier up in Greenland that puts more ice into the global ocean than all the other glaciers in the northern hemisphere combined is the Ilulissat Glacier.

For example, among the Greenland Norse a competitive rank society what the chiefs really wanted is more followers and more sheep and more resources to outcompete the neighboring chiefs.

For example, the Greenland Norse, in this difficult environment, were held together for four and a half centuries by their shared commitment to religion, and by their strong social cohesion.