I was starting my career as an opera singer in Europe, when I was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension also known as PH.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

And this is my right pulmonary artery. So this is my right and left pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary flow. So, what does that mean?

Up here you have the pulmonary valve.

And I've drawn it as one tube with no split and this is the pulmonary trunk. Pulmonary trunk.

I'm actually just gonna write that here Pulmonary circulation.

And you had a big sign promoting Shinerama, which is Students Fighting Cystic Fibrosis,

The pulmonary veins drain blood and into the left atrium, right.

And this part of the journey is called the pulmonary circulation.

And remember I call them arteries, because they're going away from the heart. And there are two arteries, so pulmonary arteries left and right pulmonary arteries.

But the actual number could be a few pulmonary veins in total.

The bullet lacerated his pulmonary artery and lodged in his thoracic region.

And then it's gonna come out on the other side, in the pulmonary veins.

I've drawn the pulmonary valve as being open, but is that really the case?

One that has just happened in the last few months is the successful approval of a drug for cystic fibrosis.

And you had a big sign promoting Shinerama, which is Students Fighting Cystic Fibrosis, a charity I've worked with for years

I had high blood pressure, Diabetes and a pulmonary embolism the sizer of a smart car.

You've got pulmonary arteries carrying blood, you've got bronchial arteries carrying blood and that blood mixes.

The job, the second job of the heart, is actually also in this picture, and it's called pulmonary flow.

And actually here I'm gonna make the point that there aren't just two pulmonary veins, one for each lung.

And the first one, the pulmonary circulation, is really kind of relying on the right vetricle as the pump.

You can see how the pulmonary and aortic valve are closed when the mitral and tricuspid valve are open.

From the body... to the right auricle... to the right ventricle... and out the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

So what you see kind of colored in now, is the pulmonary circulation. That's the first part of our circuit.

But before it goes it has to passed another valve. So this is a valve right here. Call it Pulmonary valve.

And it gives you the clue where the things we are going to go next. Because the word pulmonary means lungs.

So there's this actual extra little step here, where blood is going to and from the lungs, and that's the pulmonary flow.

I had a heart catheterization, where they measure this internal arterial pulmonary pressure, which is supposed to be between 15 and 20.

Cystic fibrosis had its molecular cause discovered in 1989 by my group working with another group in Toronto, discovering what the mutation was in a particular gene on chromosome 7.

There's actually a for the first time now, something going to human trials, that actually cures pulmonary hypertension a fatal disease using gene therapy.

The bad news is, this drug doesn't actually treat all cases of cystic fibrosis, and it won't work for Danny, and we're still waiting for that next generation to help him.

Now, if they're serving the heart muscles and the heart cells, then, think about it, would they fit under the systemic flow, or pulmonary flow?

So it's going from the pulmonary trunk, it's splitting into one of the two tubes and I'm drawing the left and right lung up top.

So blood goes through the lungs and then comes out on the other side and there, we're gonna talked about the left and right pulmonary veins.

Cystic fibrosis is an example of a disease where you just have a bad ingredient and you have a disease, and we can actually make a direct correspondence between the ingredient and the disease.

And then you've got the capillaries, you've got some blood kind of from both places the pulmonary circulation and the blood from the systemic circulation again mixing.

While she didn't have any medical evidence to back up her claim that there was a relationship between operatic arias and pulmonary hypertension, she was absolutely emphatic

And It's again stopped a little bit there, but I can fill it in and the pulmonary veins are gonna deliver that oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

It happens when there's a thickening in the pulmonary veins, making the right side of the heart work overtime, and causing what I call the reverse Grinch effect.

The heart is pumping all the blood around, but does it actually get oxygen from vessels that are in the pulmonary circulation or from the systemic circulation or what?

So blood is headed towards the lungs, going first through the trunk, and of course after the trunk, there is left and right I write that up here pulmonary arteries are next.

I like to do things big, and it meant one thing there is a big gun treatment for pulmonary hypertension called Flolan, and it's not just a drug it's a way of life.

Then these vessels and all that they trying to get will be called, these vessels, this will be my, make sure I get my right and left straight, this is my left pulmonary artery.

And then on the other side where the veins are bringing blood back to the heart most of the blood as it turns out, most of the blood actually goes this way into the pulmonary veins.