long term studies of different interventions.

The more targeted our interventions, the better.

So those are examples of positive interventions.

It's not the only place we had any interventions.

Suppose you have 100 dollars to spend on various interventions.

About 120 interventions have been proposed that allegedly make people happy.

And most often we can do two interventions, fix the meds mix.

There's all these different interventions but they have different kinds of effectiveness.

Potentially two billion people could have their food disrupted by such interventions.

Potentially 2 billion people could have their food disrupted by such interventions.

Now I'm going to show you what we get with various education interventions.

So when we think about scaling up metabolic materials, we can start thinking about ecological interventions

And we're going to be able to invent brain based interventions for children who have difficulty learning.

We found we could begin to look at interventions over the centuries, from the Buddha to Tony Robbins.

And the longer you could interact with one of these interventions, well that's indicative, potentially, of longer term success.

And the third problem about the disease model is, in our rush to do something about people in trouble, in our rush to do something about repairing damage, it never occurred to us to develop interventions to make people happier, positive interventions.

But beyond the staggering numbers, what's truly important from a global health point of view, what's truly worrying from a global health point of view, is that the vast majority of these affected individuals do not receive the care that we know can transform their lives, and remember, we do have robust evidence that a range of interventions, medicines, psychological interventions, and social interventions, can make a vast difference.

We need to unpack complex health care interventions into smaller components that can be more easily transferred to less trained individuals.

From the outset, we agreed that we had to have special interventions in place in order to bring the bottom up.

And yet, even in the best resourced countries, for example here in Europe, roughly 50 percent of affected people don't receive these interventions.

So the other thing I really like about this, besides the fact that it brings a whole new dimension into the study of control of disease, is that often the kinds of interventions that you want, that it indicates should be done, are the kinds of interventions that people want anyhow.

In a fight against speculators who are dumping the U.S. currency, central banks of major countries have carried out massive concerted interventions in the market.

If we could understand the structure of networks in villages, we could target to whom to give the interventions to foster these kinds of spreads.

To explore that question, we did a study in the Boston area where we put one of three interventions in people's homes for a period of several weeks.

And it struck me that if you could train ordinary people to deliver such complex health care interventions, then perhaps they could also do the same with mental health care.

Now the same insights can also be exploited with respect to networks can also be exploited in other ways, for example, in the use of targeting specific people for interventions.

And I believe there are three different and I call them different because different interventions build them, it's possible to have one rather than the other three different happy lives.

Still, today, armed with that knowledge that ordinary people in the community can be trained and, with sufficient supervision and support, can deliver a range of health care interventions effectively, perhaps that promise is within reach now.

But over the longer term, if we are moving into an economy that's heavy on technology and light on labor, and we are, then we have to consider some more radical interventions, for example, something like a guaranteed minimum income.

And in our studies, what we've been able to do is to use very expensive, high tech, state of the art measures to prove how powerful these very simple and low tech and low cost and in many ways, ancient interventions, can be.

This one that appeared in Science last year, for example, demonstrates that even simple retrieval practice, where students are just supposed to repeat what they already learned gives considerably improved results on various achievement tests down the line than many other educational interventions.

And by doing so, I'm being consistent since, I never supported in the past our criminal interventions in Libya or in Syria, and so being the only MP in this country to defend the non interference and the fight against obscure interests.

And in my own trial in Goa, in India, we again showed that lay counselors drawn from local communities could be trained to deliver psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, leading to 70 percent recovery rates as compared to 50 percent in the comparison primary health centers.

And all I'm saying is that we need to figure out how they'll evolve, so that we need to adjust our interventions to get the most bang for the intervention buck, so that we can get these organisms to evolve in the direction we want them to go.

But you can never tell them what to do and you can perhaps make your interventions by changing the playing field a bit or throwing in some new props but you have to perform surgery on the live patient so to speak while you have millions and millions of users registered.

And just to sample the kind of interventions that we find have an effect, when we teach people about the pleasant life, how to have more pleasure in your life, one of your assignments is to take the mindfulness skills, the savoring skills, and you're assigned to design a beautiful day.

And so, in fact, they concocted a couple of early, you know, founding public health interventions in the system of the city, one of which was called the Nuisances Act, which they got everybody as far as they could to empty out their cesspools and just pour all that waste into the river.

The idea is, when you're short of specialized health care professionals, use whoever is available in the community, train them to provide a range of health care interventions, and in these books I read inspiring examples, for example of how ordinary people had been trained to deliver babies, diagnose and treat early pneumonia, to great effect.

And for the last almost 29 years, we've been able to show that by simply changing diet and lifestyle, using these very high tech, expensive, state of the art measures to prove how powerful these very simple and low tech and low cost interventions can be like quantitative arteriography, before and after a year, and cardiac PET scans.

My obsession with this book, and the reason I made this into a film, is because it at once was addressing the question of being a female traditionally, historically in Iran and the question of four women who are all looking for an idea of change, freedom and democracy while the country of Iran, equally, as if another character, also struggled for an idea of freedom and democracy and independence from the foreign interventions.