And this is exactly how one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells, two cancer cells become four cancer cells, and we have ultimately uncontrolled tumor growth.

Historically, we've always been focused on killing cancer cells.

And I stumbled across something called cancer stem cells.

At first when I heard of cancer stem cells,

This is cultures, identical cultures, of cervical cancer cells.

Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways used to treat cancer today, involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals to try and kill off cancer cells.

May none of your non cancer cells become endangered species.

But neither radiation nor chemotherapeutic drugs target only cancer cells.

And just as the Tasmanian devil cancer is contagious through the spread of living cancer cells, so is this dog cancer.

In cancer, cells rapidly divide and lead to uncontrolled tumor growth.

Cisplatin is a relatively common ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug a relatively simple molecule made in the lab that messes with the DNA of cancer cells and causes them to kill themselves.

Now, if .0001 of these cells got mutated, and .00001 got cancer, you will be a lump of cancer.

But Wigler, besides looking at cancer cells, looked at normal cells, and made a really sort of surprising observation.

Every one of those blue cells are a cancer gene inside a cancer cell, and they're part of the feather.

The cancer cells small, round and rapidly dividing, grew these arms and extensions.

These cells are so versatile, these cancer cells are so versatile we just have to manipulate them in the right way.

The cancer stem cells remain, and the tumor can return months or years later.

We think that cancer cells actually come off the tumor, get into the saliva.

Last summer I worked at Stanford University, doing some research on cancer stem cells.

And the problem was that cancer cells get detached and are circulating in the bloodstream, and oncologists and pathologists are trying to figure out whether their patients have circulating cancer tumor cells.

You put the cancer cells there, and they do go all over, they do this.

And furthermore, that nervous tissue brain gets cancer, and brain cells are also terminally differentiated.

In a human being, down in here it could be make blood cells, start cancer.

That means that microenvironment and the context which surrounds those cells actually are telling the cancer gene and the cancer cell what to do.

like skin cells, gut cells, and blood cells.

Kill! Kill! Kill!

Kill, kill, kill.

Kill, kill, kill.

Cancer

Cancer?

Cancer.

Cancer.

Cancer.

Cancer.

Cells

Cells

Cells...

Cancer may kill you, but when you look at the numbers, arthritis ruins more lives.

We have more trials planned for lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

We're removing the cancer cells, but we're revealing the previous damage that the body has tried to fix.

So we wanted to figure out how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant to this drug called Cisplatin.

Most of the people that Dr. Southam injected did not go on to develop cancer from the injected cells.

Cancer cells mutate, and they gain the ability to release lots of those angiogenic factors, natural fertilizer, that tip the balance in favor of blood vessels invading the cancer.

HOW? Cancer.

Lung cancer.