So you go and find the paper, and what you find is an observational study.

Observational studies. Are als, also useful.

So the important concepts to take away from observational studies is a make less distinction between a study and an experiment.

The problem is that these observational studies.

And. In, within these observational studies a

Here, I'm mostly just assuming still observational studies.

Here again are some of the observational results.

So what I'm going to do in this first lecture is just talk about the difference between a randomized experiment and an observational study.

I want to contrast that now. With, observational studies.

That means I'm making a distinction between an observational.

Differentialists tend to rely on observational studies and correlations.

Study, study!

So again, the point of talking about these observational studies.

They are now, my first cohort is all in college, earning a living wage.

Observational cosmology really started blossoming from 1970's onward. And thanks

laugh now I think that is a young cort, cohort, eight years since the PhD.

We are the most in debt ... obese ... addicted and medicated adult cohort in U.S. history.

So that's why these observational studies aren't as powerful as randomized experiments.

And that's one of the limitations of these kinds of observational studies.

In the second, I'll give you a couple examples of observational studies.

I develop and test models of the Big Bang, using observational data.

There is no study that says we have taken a cohort of people and we have exposed them to one percent more radiation than normally would get and we've seen one percent more cancer.

Study!

This study is my father's study.

It's funny, this example's so old that I used to think that was not a young cohort.

We have two pieces of observational evidence on the probability of life appearing.

I don't have time to be writing emails. It's study, study, study!

We had to study from study books.

Don't study.

Study hard.

Study hard.

Study hall?

Study abroad?

Sterling study.

Let's study!

I study math harder than I study English.

If you testify against your cohort, we'll give you a better deal and give you a reduced sentence time.

We are the most addicted we are the most medicated obese, and in debt adult cohort in human history.

But the way incongruity works is, observational humor is humor within the realm of reality.

We have 2 independent hidden causes, but they get confounded within a single observational variable.

I study math more seriously than I study English.

Tom did study, but he didn't study very much.

Study after study is coming to the same conclusion.

Study the Bible

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