lost their pigmentation.

And sleep disorders.

Psych... mental disorders.

They are disorders of behavior, and they are disorders of the mind.

Wednesday night is eating disorders.

Fair enough, they are disorders of behavior and they are disorders of the mind.

And that skin pigmentation itself was a product of evolution.

This had tremendous consequences for the evolution of human skin pigmentation.

And it lists currently 374 mental disorders.

What drives the disability for these disorders

That what we need conceptually to make a progress here is to rethink these disorders as brain disorders.

And it's not just the mortality from these disorders.

These are indeed the chronic disorders of young people.

But it's not just the mortality from these disorders.

These are, indeed, the chronic disorders of young people.

This has tremendous implications for our understanding of the evolution of human skin pigmentation.

Now what is wonderful about the evolution of human skin pigmentation, and the phenomenon of pigmentation, is that it is the demonstration, the evidence, of evolution by natural selection, right on your body.

And yet he rejected the idea that human skin pigmentation was related to the climate.

Depression, there's a great approach to that in mood disorders.

Let's flip the tables now and consider Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Now, about a hundred thousand patients in the world have received deep brain stimulation, and I'm going to show you some examples of using deep brain stimulation to treat disorders of movement, disorders of mood and disorders of cognition.

When we decide that everybody with one of these brain disorders, brain circuit disorders, has a behavioral disorder we wait until the behavior becomes manifest.

That is precisely what we do today when we decide that everybody with one of these brain disorders, brain circuit disorders, has a behavioral disorder.

So lets all wish for his great health, and his awareness of his own skin pigmentation.

And things like, how the brain miss wires in mental disorders.

Or that could be good clinical targets for treating brain disorders.

Those patterns are risk factors for developing one of these disorders.

And people feel that, for whatever the reason, it's politically better to use the term behavioral disorders , and to talk about these as disorders of behavior.

Well, autism is the most strongly genetic condition of all developmental disorders.

It's a little different than the way we think about brain disorders

It's a little different than the way we think about brain disorders

and has been linked with disorders of the nervous system and bowels.

Despite the fact that each and every one of these disorders originates in the brain, most of these disorders are diagnosed solely on the basis of observable behavior.

And also these are signals that go awry in disorders such as addiction.

We're going to see electrodes being placed for many disorders of the brain.

Or that eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses?

What drives disability for these disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and depression?

Well first because for brain disorders, behavior is the last thing to change.

Well first because, for brain disorders, behavior is the last thing to change.

And now, 14 of the disorders are treatable, two of them actually curable.

Just name your parental anxieties drugs, alcohol, smoking, teen pregnancy, eating disorders, depression.

So I'm very passionate about this research and I really want to continue it and expand it to more disorders besides asthma, more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.

But we need to think about how he compares, in terms of his pigmentation, to other people on Earth.

He, as one of many urban admixed populations, is very emblematic of a mixed parentage, of a mixed pigmentation.

And he resembles, very closely, people with moderate levels of pigmentation who live in southern Africa, or Southeast Asia.