Start with gene sequencing.

You don't know the sequencing.

like DNA sequencing or protein folding.

I got interested in gene sequencing.

And could Africa get that sequencing wrong?

Huge gene sequencing facilities the size of football fields.

And so we just heard about the DNA sequencing.

Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing.

DNA sequencing on your iPhone? There's an app for that.

The cost of sequencing the human genome is dropping precipitously.

The second question is, does the sequencing of the download matter?

It was the sequencing for the first time of the human genome.

And we're in the process of sequencing all that at the present time.

Moore's law, the old way of sequencing, and here's all the new stuff.

They're one of two companies that makes these massive whole genome sequencing tools.

Say again, Bishop. You've got it into auto refuel mode, and it's sequencing right?

I mean, it's true of DNA sequencing it's true of brain scanning it's true of the World Wide Web.

The technologies got better, and now DNA sequencing is proceeding at a pace five times that of Moore's Law.

And that's what I've been doing for 20 years, using DNA sequencing, collecting samples from various places, including the human body, reading the DNA sequence and then using that DNA sequencing to tell us about the microbes that are in a particular place.

There's no molecular test, there's no sequencing of genes that was referred to yesterday, there's no fancy looking at the chromosomes.

So, it is the idea of sequencing all of the genes in the cancer, and giving us a new lexicon, a new dictionary to describe it.

And in both cases, we were able to use genetic sequencing to look at the polio viruses, and we could tell these viruses were not from these countries.

As you probably know, gene sequencing in a large part, because it's built on computers is falling in price at a kind of a Moore's Law like level.

So Jeanny and I took three of our most efficient strains and then performed gene amplification sequencing on them and matched our data with an online comprehensive database.

And as you're thinking about these two guys sequencing a human genome in 2000 and the Public Project sequencing the human genome in 2000, then you don't hear a lot, until you hear about an experiment last year in China, where they take skin cells from this mouse, put four chemicals on it, turn those skin cells into stem cells,

This is a project that had its inception 15 years ago when our team then we called the institute TlGR was involved in sequencing the first two genomes in history.

On any given plantation, 20 percent of the trees produce 80 percent of the crop, so Mars is looking at the genome, they're sequencing the genome of the cocoa plant.

Fly away, cat. So, the last example I have time to show you today is a music sequencing and live performance tool that we've built recently, in which Siftables act as sounds

And what the DNA sequencing technologies are allowing people to do now is do detailed studies of, say, 100 patients who have Crohn's disease and 100 people who don't have Crohn's disease.

Synthetic DNA, the ability to synthesize DNA, has changed at sort of the same pace that DNA sequencing has over the last decade or two, and is getting very rapid and very cheap.

And as it continues, one of the things that's going to happen this year is we're going to discover the first 10,000 human genomes, because it's gotten cheap enough to do the gene sequencing.

And so what I want to tell you about for a few minutes is, what people have learned using DNA sequencing techniques in particular, to study the microbial cloud that lives in and on us.

Craig Venter has just joined our board and we're doing a rapid genome sequencing prize with him, we'll be announcing later this fall, about imagine being able to sequence anybody's DNA for under 1,000 dollars, revolutionize medicine.

To answer this question, we're sequencing thousands of genes from our city mice and comparing those to thousands of genes from the country mice, so, their ancestors outside of New York City in these big, more wilderness areas.

And as you think of biomaterials, this guy who did part of the sequencing of the human genome, who just doubled the databases of genes and proteins known on earth by sailing around the world has been thinking about how you structure this.

And so by applying ancient DNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry technologies to ancient dental calculus, we can generate immense quantities of data that then we can use to begin to reconstruct a detailed picture of the dynamic interplay between diet, infection and immunity thousands of years ago.

We know from the sequencing of the human genome that it's shown us all of the A's, C's, G's and T's that make up our genetic code, but that code, by itself, our DNA, is like looking at the ones and zeroes of the computer code without having a computer that can read it.

The future that Intel's working on now is to figure out how to make that computing for personalized medicine go from months and weeks to even hours, and make this kind of tool available, not just in the mainframes of tier one research hospitals around the world, but in the mainstream every patient, every clinic with access to whole genome sequencing.

And we did this because we think that it's actually going to allow us to realize the potential, the promise, of all of the sequencing of the human genome, but it's going to allow us, in doing that, to actually do clinical trials in a dish with human cells, not animal cells, to generate drugs and treatments that are much more effective, much safer, much faster, and at a much lower cost.

And if you think about the computer industry and how we've gone from big computers to little ones and how they get more powerful and faster all the time, the same thing is happening with gene sequencing now we are on the cusp of being able to sequence human genomes for about 5,000 dollars in about an hour or a half hour you will see that happen in the next five years.