Revolutionary vaccines.

Cocktails, more polyvalent vaccines.

Vaccines that are broad spectrum.

So let's explore how vaccines work.

So that's really how vaccines work.

Vaccines were promised to developing countries.

Vaccines that we can manufacture quickly.

The vaccines are in the boxes.

Vaccines our orders come from John Connor.

So, I'm here to trumpet vaccines for you.

India, Mexico and others are already making experimental flu vaccines, and they may be the first place we see these vaccines in use.

We don't see scenes like this anymore because of vaccines.

I don't need to say this, but vaccines are essential.

Almost all vaccines need to be kept at refrigerator temperatures.

This is one of the ways that vaccines are carried

And we've got pretty good vaccines, as I've just showed you.

I think that can be changed by building combinatorial vaccines in advance.

We need new anti virals and cocktails. We need new kinds of vaccines.

There is a problem with vaccines around the world not getting to patients.

I mean, hygiene, vaccines, antibiotics you know, the same sort of time frame.

About a decade ago, I wrote a story about vaccines for The New Yorker.

What the world needs now are these new vaccines, and we can make it happen.

The doses that we hid in the human flu vaccines... were destroyed by the explosion.

And he found a way to dry out vaccines encase them in the same sort of sugar capsules as the tardigrade has within its cells meaning that vaccines no longer need to be refrigerated.

I spent many years in grad school trying to poke bees and do vaccines with needles.

So today, we get our flu vaccines from ... chicken eggs, (Laughter) hundreds of millions of chicken eggs.

Vaccines, modern medicine, our ability to feed billions of people, those are triumphs of the scientific method.

An apparent attack on a Lyndhurst shipping warehouse has destroyed most of New York City's flu vaccines.

The antibodies you just saw in this video, in action, are the ones that make most vaccines work.

Well, we first figured out how to make flu vaccines, how to produce them, in the early 1940s.

But also, we're now working on using these same tools to come up with instant sets of vaccines.

Of course the infant mortality just declined because we started to understand things like hygiene and antibiotics and vaccines.

They say, This is not fair, because these countries had vaccines and antibiotics that were not available for Sweden.

But first, I have to explain why they're important because vaccines, the power of them, is really like a whisper.

Large companies moved away from it because they thought the science was so difficult and vaccines were seen as poor business.

You could see an avian strain that would infect the poultry flocks, and then we would have no eggs for our vaccines.

We have G.M. crops, we have pharmaceuticals, we have new vaccines, all using roughly the same technology, but with very different outcomes.

So this is basic science that has a tremendous potential contribution into the development of vaccines or the understanding of different viruses.

But in the developing world a lot of vaccines spoil before they're administered, and that's because they need to be kept cold.

So a simple idea, which we hope is going to change the way vaccines are distributed in Africa and around the world.

We're already preventing millions of deaths with existing vaccines, and if we get these to more people, we can certainly save more lives.

Or, more importantly, HlV, where the virus evolves so quickly the vaccines that are made today can't keep up with those evolutionary changes.

How do you get the vaccines moved around the world and the drugs moved, and whatever may or not be available that would work.

And the key reason we were able to it was not only rising incomes but also a few key breakthroughs vaccines that were used more widely.

Now, it's interesting because there are 30 odd diseases that can be treated with vaccines now, but we're still threatened by things like HlV and flu.