So there's the kinetochore there, and that may or may not be kinetochore.

And when I throw this up into the air and catch it, it has the full three dimensional structure of the protein, all of the intricacies.

So in one dimensional systems this is a project called the self folding proteins.

If a single base pair changes in a gene, you can get a different amino acid, which will then change the shape and structure of the protein.

When it gets to about 160 degrees, the proteins all line up and they create structure, the gluten structure what ultimately we will call the crumb of the bread.

They knew they were working on AlDS research.

Now, if you look at biology, there's many structures like DNA, antibodies, proteins and ribosomes you've heard about, that are nanostructured nature already gives us really exquisite structures on the nano scale.

Non technical, non biologist amateurs play a video game in which they visually rearrange the structure of the protein, allowing the computer to manage the atomic forces and interactions and identify structural issues.

Structs

Struct

And it turns out that a lot of chemical interactions at that level are governed by protein folding how various proteins will sort of rub against each other and interact or not.

Սա էնդոպլազմային ցանցի ներսն է

Կապում է գոլջիի ապարատին

In fact, this material you see is clear and transparent.

About six months before, he proposed the alpha helical structure for proteins.

So if you look at a protein, it's actually a chain of these amino acids and usually a fairly long chain.

What we can use are the smaller molecules that make up these proteins, the amino acids.

Essentially, I could weave a bunch of these antibodies into a network of carbon nanotubes, such that you have a network that only reacts with one protein, but also, due to the properties of these nanotubes, it will change its electrical properties, based on the amount of protein present.

The problem with technologies like this is that if one looks at proteins in the body, there are 11 orders of magnitude difference between the high abundant and the low abundant proteins.

We'll look at some protein structures in the very near future, just to give you an idea of things.

Protein.

Hyperalloy combat chassey.

This is uranium oxide and when you put it in a reactor for a while, one of the things xenon does, it's a gas, so it's way, way, way less dense than solid fuel.

And the adrenal glands make androgens, which are a masculinizing hormone.

What I could have, is this antibody,

Here's what happened

And so we made the game, and it has since evolved to a four foot by four foot by four foot

How we build things can change as well.

Couple of kilos more for the wing spars.

In fact, this is made from proteins.

And so these microspindles, some of them attach to kinetochores, which are these protein structures on the centromeres.

Now, we can take this form and use the same process to generate three dimensional structures, but rather than folding things by hand, we'll bring the structure into the computer, and code it as an algorithm.

This tool allows you to view and edit 3D molecular structures.

Because when I described evolution, and we know that everything in our biological kingdom is just a set of proteins and then stuff that maybe the protein but mainly protein, and that protein's all coded for by DNA.

Well, that's temperature.

He couldn't have been more wrong.

And finally, you could rightly ask, why care about this?

This is how to build the structure.

Could I be looking in the wrong place? Let me see. Proteins?

As we grow this to larger and larger n, we get tanglier and tanglier structures.

And this is a game where individuals can actually take a sequence of amino acids and figure out how the protein is going to fold.

Spider silk is almost entirely protein.

Can be tailored to fit any structure based on a rigid skeleton.

This example shows the versatility of lists, that we can put anything we want in them.

It was a proteinrich incubator.