Then, if we added maps like the geology, the bedrock geology, and the surface geology, what the glaciers leave, if we make the soil map, with the 17 soil classes, that are defined by the National Conservation Service, if we make a digital elevation model of the topography that tells us how high the hills were, then we can calculate the slopes.

She gets the women to plant new trees and water them, drop by drop.

I collect soil samples.

Plants are nourished by earth.

which is going to cause air pollution, water pollution,

The town had a vermiculite mine in it.

To change the community you have to change the composition of the soil.

This was another site where it had been bare and eroding, and at the base of the marked small tree, we had lost over 30 centimeters of soil.

Should aluminum be in the soil and the rain?

The soil retained richness.

But what are the conditions that make it possible?

And what they found was something unexpected.

We are after all organic creatures, and the culture of the school is absolutely essential.

They're good for the environment because they enable no till farming, which leaves the soil in place, getting healthier from year to year slso keeps less carbon dioxide going from the soil into the atmosphere.

Wangari Maathai, the Nobel prizewinner from Kenya who has planted 30 million trees.

Worms are sometimes beneficial to soil.

Plants take in water from the soil.

Water resources are running low.

I said, What can you build in this place?

That soil is rich in humus.

And this is the concept for the top of the city.

Then the issue of yield.

The rain washed away the soil.

And these are not esoteric limits.

curiosity without assumptions.

Planar

Large scale use of pesticides and fertilizers raised concerns of soil pollution.

You can't get a tree to grow on bad soil.

We've got edible canal towpaths, and we've got sprouting cemeteries.

Very big red flag of fallout from these materials are pH changes to the forest floor.

One fifth of the earth's surface is covered by permafrost.

The Arctic region consists of a vast, ice covered ocean surrounded by treeless permafrost.

Rich soil yields good crops.

Abiotic stress is the drought.

Well, I don't know if you know about this, but in California, there's a huge amount of plastic that's used in fields right now as plastic mulch, and this is plastic that's making these tiny little greenhouses right along the surface of the soil, and this provides warming the soil to increase the growing season, it allows us to control weeds, and, of course, it makes the watering much more efficient.

Just like a graffiti artist, where they beautify walls, me, I beautify lawns, parkways.

If we could roll that first video clip.

So we would take the landscape and we would build up the topography.

It's kind of hard to explain. I guess it's in the loam of the soil.

Is he Ukrainian?

Deliver me from a city built on the site of a more ancient city, whose materials are ruins, whose gardens cemeteries.

The law forbids the building of any skyscraper on this land.

The mycelium infuses all landscapes, it holds soils together, it's extremely tenacious.

Nothing seems to grow in this soil.

We have a massive ozone hole in the Northern hemisphere now.