It's acting only as a cell delivery vehicle.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.

And guess what? They're like people like us, they're working every day, cells in the digestive system are taking the food, breaking it down and making products out of it.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

Let's make it concrete.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Այստեղ այլ բաներ կա, որ կարող ենք խոսել

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

IPS cells into the motor neurons that actually were dying in the disease.

In the case of a male, these would be sperm cells.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

He took skin biopsies, this time from people who had a disease,

So, we took the red cells you see the red cells are surrounded by blue, other cells that squeeze them, and behind it is material that people thought was mainly inert, and it was just having a structure to keep the shape, and so we first photographed it with the electron microscope years and years ago, and you see this cell is actually quite pretty.

Սա իրականում օգնում է բջջին ստանալ իր իրական չափսերը և իրականում կարող է մասնակցվել այն բաների մեջ, որոնք շարժվում է բջջի մեջ կամ անգամ ինքն իր շուրջը պտտվող բջջի

Animal bodies are made up of cells.

So here's two sort of canonical neurons from a vertebrate and an invertebrate, a human pyramidal neuron from Ramon y Cajal, and another cell to the right, a non spiking interneuron, and this is the work of Alan Watson and Malcolm Burrows many years ago, and Malcolm Burrows came up with a pretty interesting idea based on the fact that this neuron from a locust does not fire action potentials.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

The results revealed that in environment A, the cells formed muscle, in environment B, the cells formed bone, and in environment C, the cells formed fat cells.

disabling, reversing cell cycle inhibitors.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

Then a repressor protein that blocks the operating cells.

Let me write this down in a vibrant color.

So let's say those are the germ cells.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

You can now know when the patient is thinking of Marilyn Monroe just by listening to these cells fire.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

They go in opposite directions while they generate their spindle fibers.

And these micro machines power how a cell moves.

So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.