And I think that's really what architecture is based on.

I notice they react completely differently.

The building will be made of concrete on a steel framework.

Bricks never take the place of ferro concrete here.

We got a rebar! Come on!

The factory was constructed out of concrete.

So rather than using continuous rebars, we can have segments of rebar automatically inserted and assembled inside the building.

And they redid that building.

The carbon story here is a really good one.

We removed 123,000 tons of concrete only from the riverbanks.

So in the current state of manufacturing, we have skyscrapers two and a half years of assembly time , 500,000 to a million parts, fairly complex, new, exciting technologies in steel, concrete, glass.

Concrete can be reinforced by putting steel bars inside it.

The railroad is now in the process of construction.

As you see in this slide the building on the left is an ordinary one.

Tired feet of concrete and rebar, plus ten feet of dirt and sand, before we see sky.

The toroidal geometry made for a very efficient building every beam in this building is the same radius, all laminated wood.

And a combination of devices here, the kind of heavy mass concrete of these book stacks, and the way in which that is enclosed by this skin, which enables the building to be ventilated, to consume dramatically less energy, and where it's really working with the forces of nature.

What is it that determines the route a railway takes?

But the challenge is, as we move to cities, cities are built in these two materials, steel and concrete, and they're great materials.

We see in our material flows that car steels don't become car steel again because of the contaminants of the coatings bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.

Now, how are we going to do that when we're urbanizing at this rate and we think about wood buildings only at four stories?

Create

Concrete

And now it's a pathetic ruin and no one even knows what it was used for.

Its exterior is very cool and artistic.

The building is seven stories high.

A railway bridge is already being built over the river.

So many pictures on different streets.

I can see the shed from here.

And this place...

The material, which is cementitious, initially concrete, is deposited through a nozzle, and the building is built layer by layer.

Building Shapes

Building.

Building fetish?

I was visiting with an artist, Michael Heizer, out in the desert near Las Vegas somewhere.

No to barrier walls.

It's concrete!

Inside the perimeter?

It stayed there in Taiwan as a permanent church even now.

The one that's closest to the edge of the building.

Right up at the house.

That is a real structure.

Jacob, when was this building built?

The building was built in 1960.

(Applause)