Run Randomized Slide Show

Now we know they are effective because of randomized experiments.

This was a randomized trial.

So experimentalists use randomized experiments.

Similarly, using a randomized control trial in rural Pakistan,

learning. Randomized decision trees, another technique from machine learning.

Last segment we talked about the power of randomized experiments.

like, and it almost looks like a randomized experiment, right?

It was a randomized control study published in The Lancet.

So in this first segment, let's talk about randomized experiments.

Is again to drive home the power of those randomized experiments.

So we'll start out with two examples of randomized controlled experiments.

And you can do the same randomized, controlled trial for social policy.

So that's why these observational studies aren't as powerful as randomized experiments.

The first, I'll give you a couple of examples of randomized experiments.

Novocure conducted its first phase three randomized trial in patients with recurrent GBM.

But they lack the power of randomized experiments, and I'd like to show you.

Without randomized experiments, without random assignment to conditions, we can never really be sure.

Randomized clinical trials were actually invented in 1948 to help invent the drugs that cured tuberculosis, and those are important things, don't get me wrong.

So what we did is we did a randomized, controlled trial in 134 villages in Udaipur Districts.

In a randomized experiment, or whether we're just dealing with, observational studies, and the analysis of correlations.

Intelligence is a good thing. So in these randomized experiments, the population is just all healthy adults.

But I've seen it say False. The reason is it's a randomized algorithm. It's a particle filter.

Hi. Welcome to Statistics One. This is the first lecture where we'll talk about randomized experiments and observational studies.

The major benefit of randomized experiments is they allow us for, strong claims or strong arguments about causal mechanisms.

But remember, go back to lecture one, where we made the distinction between randomized controlled experiments and observational studies.

Um, but remember, back to Lecture 1, when we talked about randomized experiments, this is not a true independent variable.

The power of randomized experiments is they allow for the strongest arguments or strongest claims we can possibly make about causality.

Again, the problem here is it was difficult to, difficult to do a true randomized experiment ah, especially in the '60s.

Then you have to do things like grid search or a kin of particle filters as randomized methods for searching as well.

This one looks more like a randomized experiment, so it can trick you and that's why I want to start out by pointing it out so that you are not fooled by it.

Because a lot of areas in, in the social sciences, they have to rely on these observational studies. They, they can't do randomized experiments.

So what I'm going to do in this first lecture is just talk about the difference between a randomized experiment and an observational study.

And in the 20th century, randomized, controlled trials have revolutionized medicine by allowing us to distinguish between drugs that work and drugs that don't work.

They had gotten their chemotherapy, and then they randomized them, where half got placebo, and half got a drug called Zoledronic acid that builds bone.

But, in these types of studies, where we're just doing observational studies here, we're not doing randomized controlled experiments and we're just doing observational studies, it's often the case that the predictors are correlated, like the faculty salary example.

That same year, saw the first the development of the first effective polio vaccine. it was developed by Jonas Salk and a lot of these first randomized experiments are known as the salk vaccine trials, named after Jonas Salk.

It doesn't solve the TopK problem better than the randomized algorithm we talked about the partitioning algorithm but it does it pretty fast and there's other uses for this.

This is kind of a different idea but I wanted to introduce the idea of a randomized algorithm and we did that a little bit in the context of the expected

So, it's not for me, like a, a box of chocolates, it's even better than a box of chocolates because I know where the good chocolates are and I know where the bad chocolates are, so I can prevent picking bad stuff, and I can promote getting good stuff, and randomized controlled experiments allow me to do that.

I'm not even telling you the story because I think we should be running more carefully controlled randomized trials in all aspects of public policy, although I think that would also be completely awesome.

And way down here on the leaves are current research questions, which over here might be problems related to prime number distribution and over here some very specific work being done on randomized algorithms or hash functions, and way up here we might have new public key protocols

I'd mentioned, like to mention randomized decision trees, because of variations what is used in, some of the, the work on figuring out body parts in the algorithm used in the Kinect system for example, under the rubric of random forests.

They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible. They are unique.

Nerves are yellow, arteries are red, veins are blue.