So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.

We take our own bone marrow cells and treat a patient with a heart attack, we can see much improved heart function and actually better survival using our own bone marrow drive cells after a heart attack.

A diet including bone marrow fueled further brain growth.

So actually how do we harvest this bone marrow?

We use those in my field of bone marrow transplantation.

It is a fact that when our organs or tissues are injured, our bone marrow releases stem cells into our circulation.

And adult stem cells are found in you and me in our blood, in our bone marrow, in our fat, our skin and other organs.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

I didn't bring a human brain, but I did bring a liter of bone marrow.

And he took skin cells, healthy skin and cancerous bone marrow, and sequenced the whole genomes of both of them in a couple of weeks, no big deal.

I invented a device called the MarrowMiner, a much less invasive way for harvesting bone marrow.

It may encourage more people to sign up to be potential live saving bone marrow donors.

And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out, but we got 10 times the stem cell activity in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device.

And so this informs, among other things, of course, a treatment for bone marrow transplant, which he undertakes.

So it enables you to very rapidly aspirate, or suck out, rich bone marrow very quickly through one hole.

Mice with multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of the bone marrow, respond dramatically to the treatment with this drug.

The results revealed that in environment A, the cells formed muscle, in environment B, the cells formed bone, and in environment C, the cells formed fat cells.

They're in our bone marrow to help produce red blood cells, other parts of our body, but the problem with somatic stem cells is they're not as plastic, which means that they can't form any type of cell in the human body.

And ultimately and here's a picture of our bone marrow transplant survivors, who come together for a reunion each year at Stanford.

So I am a pediatric cancer doctor and stem cell researcher at Stanford University where my clinical focus has been bone marrow transplantation.

In the last decade there's been an explosion of use of bone marrow stem cells to treat the patient's other diseases such as heart disease, vascular disease, orthopedics, tissue engineering, even in neurology to treat Parkinson's and diabetes.

Cracked the bone.

He is bone of my bone, flesh of my flesh.

To the bone, for deepness To the bone, for deepness

It may even enable you to bank your own marrow stem cells, when you're younger and healthier, to use in the future should you need it.

Yeah To the bone

like skin cells, gut cells, and blood cells.

And so he drops his bone to get the bone of the other dog and, of course, his bone sinks.

And the way we do this is we basically place this through the soft tissue, and kind of punch it into the hard bone, into the tuchus that's a technical term and aspirate about 10 mls of bone marrow out, each time, with a syringe.

Hopefully you can appreciate the device there curving through the patient's body and removing the patient's bone marrow, instead of with 200 punctures, with just a single puncture under local anesthesia.

This is called the hyoid bone. It's a bone which is right here.

And bone marrow is actually what we use to save the lives of tens of thousands of patients, most of whom have advanced malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma and some other diseases.

I'm chilled to the bone.

Could have broken a bone.

Big Dipper Bone Crushing Fist

Did it touch the bone?

To the bone, for deepness

I haven't a snobbish bone.

looking for small fragments of bone, fossil bone, that may be on the surface.

Cells

Cells

Cells...

So a bone cell reads only the set of instructions it needs to become bone.

And sure enough, Nanotyrannus has juvenile bone and the bigger one has more mature bone.

And the Marrow Miner, the way it works is shown here.