3.05, presentation of a plaque.

This is the bacterial Esperanto.

But it's not bacterial pneumonia.

The plaque has to be removed.

It is effective against bacterial infections.

This is what we call a plaque.

The plaque reads, Albert Einstein lived here.

Now, let me draw a plaque there. and we've been studying plaque since the video on heart attacks.

Sometimes as I might describe here is a plaque.

But now moving from bacterial engineering to tissue engineering,

This is now supposed to be my bacterial cell.

I think I have a lot of plaque build up.

At some point, you can imagine this plaque is unstable.

Have you ever wondered what is inside your dental plaque?

Now this is actually a popular plaque, and this is a crowd of overachievers, so I'm betting that some of you have this plaque.

Then we monitored phthalate utilization and bacterial growth, and found that they shared an inverse correlation, so as bacterial populations increased, phthalate concentrations decreased.

leaving behind the airborne bacterial soup from people the day before.

Our brains can gunk up with plaque, and we can get Alzheimer's.

So, everything the part of the plaque that hasn't moved can experience clotting, and the part of the plaque that is dumped in the bloodstream can also clot.

It's a type of fossilized dental plaque that is called officially dental calculus.

People come, and when their wishes are granted, they put up another plaque.

So, 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being.

And so the yellow is the fatty plaque, and panel A is a man.

For that I won a big old plaque Man of the Year in Education.

Plaques, or I should say, clotting factors can clot these released pieces from the plaque.

So our team developed new techniques for actually growing, cloning entire bacterial chromosomes in yeast.

And along comes pneumococcus or another bacteria, streptococcus and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia.

It's less likely but sometimes a plaque could also go downstream, kind of form a thromboembolism.

So, we pushed the piles down through the dune, and we create an initial bacterial surface.

Carole Lartigue led the effort to actually transplant a bacterial chromosome from one bacteria to another.

They either pop the bacterial membrane, they make the bacterium so it can't replicate its DNA.

From the dust, we pulled out bacterial cells, broke them open, and compared their gene sequences.

Now the content of this plaque the lipid, the cholesterol, the fat, the dead white blood cell.

Mr. Preston Tucker, the key to our fair city and this beautiful plaque to commemorate your achievements.

There's a little plaque on the end that, you know, each buyer gets their name engraved on it.

Hey I am sick, I think I have bacterial infection, give me some antibiotics, a responsible doctor says

Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell, but here's the kicker

And it's partly because I came to this field from a different background, chemist and a bacterial geneticist.

Remember you have these 10 times or more bacterial cells in you or on you, keeping you healthy.

And so far in the H5N1 cases in people, similarly bacterial infection has not been an issue at all.

You can imagine all these blood flows, as plaque grows, the blood flows become a little turbulent around these plaques.

Now this plaque has rupture. It got so big. Maybe the turbulent blood flow helped stimulate this and whatever else.

All the sudden you could have these clotting factors form a clot right over here right at the actual plaque.

Let me just draw this in a reddish color, because you can have blood clots form on the ruptured plaque.

It's an amazing step forward, but we had a problem because now we had the bacterial chromosomes growing in yeast.